Jagfar tarihi

Fragments of the texts of the annals of the code

«AND “Khon kitaby” by seid Gali contains the following information from Shams Tebir about the origin of the Bulgar people: “Thirty-three thousand years ago, the ancestors of the Khons, the Imens, lived in the Big and Small Rum, and the people of the Sindians lived on the banks of the Idel, then called Ura ... After some time, friendly The Sindian communities split into Ur-Sindians and Murdas-Sindians, who began to quarrel with each other. At first, they overcame the Ur and began to dominate ... After a while, the Turks attacked the Ur (Ur) and were defeated. One part of the Turks fled to Khin and even beyond the Chulman Sea, the other went to the Big Rum, the third was taken prisoner. But in this war, the Urts weakened, and the Murdases opposed them. The biys of the enslaved Turks helped the Murdases, and they seized the rule. But the Turks did not receive the expected freedom, and then they killed their biys and joined the Ur clan of the Sabans...

Some time later, the Arabs defeated the Imenians of the Kubrat River region and the Big Rum, and most of them went east through the Little Rum. The Turks of the Greater Rum left with them and hired the Imenians of the Lesser Rum, where they received the nickname "tormen" ("bull people"). Later this name was changed into "Turkmen"...

When the Imens, who had gone to the east, approached the Aka-Idel and Shir rivers, the Murdases tried to impede their advance and entered into battle with them. However, the Urts went over to the side of the Imens, and the Murdas were defeated. After that, the Imens went further east, looking for a semblance of their homeland, and found it in Khin. But part of the Imen clan Dulo remained in Ur and offered the Urts to try their luck in their abandoned homeland. The Urts willingly agreed and went south, where they divided into Karasaklans, Aksaklans or Masguts, Kashans, Sabans, Persians, Azerbaijanis and Sindians. There was this migration 11 thousand years ago ...

Then the Samarans separated from the Sindians, who went the farthest and occupied the region of the Kubrat River. Here they founded the state of Samar...

The first ruler of the Samarans was May or Mar, why his descendants were called Marduan or Mardukan... He lived for 300 years and was a real righteous man, for which, after his earthly death, Tangra transferred him to the eighth heaven. He was buried in a seven-story tower-tomb. The tombs-towers of other rulers and noble residents of Samara were called in memory of Mar “Mai-yuly” (“The path of [the righteous] Mar [to heaven]”), as they wanted the Almighty to grant them the same posthumous favors. And the poor, unable to build tombs, were buried in mountain caves. Then, when the Bulgars left for the steppes, burial caves began to be dug in the ground...
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Besides; Samarans made Prayer Towers or "Jock Yorty". These buildings had three or seven floors...

Samarans believed that the Almighty showed them their future by arranging the stars or other celestial phenomena, so they especially revered fortune tellers by the stars and constantly monitored the sky ...

In addition, the Samaras also worshiped mountains with smooth-sided peaks and stepped foothills, as they believed that the manifestations of the Almighty occur on them. These sacred mountains were called Samar, and the Samarans gave this name to their state. And the power of Samar was made up of possessions, which were cities with fields and pastures surrounding them, and the rulers of these cities reigned in it in turn ... Free Samarans called themselves the word "bal" or "bul", meaning "master". People of the class of warriors recruited from pastoralists were called "Bulgars", that is, "lord-warrior", since "gar" meant "warrior" and "hero". Among the Arabs, the word "bal" began to mean "God."

And the Bulgars did not serve individual rulers - Vali, but only kings - Ulug-Vali or Batam Samara...

The estates of dependent people were called "berjul". In addition, the Samaras also had a class of servants of the faith, the boyars, called "esegel". And “esegel” meant “God’s city”, since “as” or “es” in Samara meant “God”, and “gel” meant a city. This name was worn by those parts of the Samara cities where there were main temples, therefore the boyars who served here were called "esegel" ...

Already under Mar, the Bulgars defeated and subjugated the Arabs and conquered the Big Rum. At the same time, the southern part of the Big Rum was given the name "Bal-i Stan" ("Lord's Land"). Subjugated Arab leaders had to carve a sign on their seals meaning "obedience". The Brotherhood of El-Hum gave this sign the meaning of "obedience to the Almighty", and therefore it is placed on the tombstones of the righteous and in mosques. And the north of the Big Rum received the name of Kimer or Kamyr-Batyr, the commander-in-chief of the Bulgars. After leaving the service, he settled here with his people, and they began to be called the Kimmerians ... And here was the large city of Atryach, in which the Imenians, Kimmerians and Arabs who founded it lived. From this city, the preacher Avar-Khum or Bar, whom the Arabs called Ibrahim, came to the Samara city of At-Alan. Ibrahim began to preach the true faith, and the Arabs of Samar supported him. And it must be said that already at that time the subject Arabs in Samara itself made up the majority of the population, and therefore Vali At-Alan hastened to expel the preacher dangerous to the authorities. Then Ibrahim went downstream the Kubrat and founded a new city there. Vali, wanting to keep Ibrahim's followers out of there, defiled the water of the river with sewage. For this, the Almighty punished At-Alan with a Flood. But before that, the Creator warned the innocent with a voice about the imminent punishment, and those who heeded the voice, including the followers of Ibrahim, retired to safe places. After that, by the will of the Creator, the Flood occurred, and the region of At-Alan was swallowed up by the waters of the sea…

After the Flood, the number of Samarans became even smaller, and therefore the Arabic language won the upper hand in Samara. Even the rulers of the domains from the Mara clan began to speak it. And only the Bulgars kept their Samara language. And all those Samarans who began to speak Arabic, the Bulgars began to call Berdzhuls, and the Arabic language - Berdzhul. But at the same time, the Bulgars did not stop serving their kings, even if they became Berdzhuls. However, the sardars of the Bulgars were also the descendants of Mar and his wife from the Dulo Seberchi clan...

The most powerful Samara king, the ancestor of the Sardars of the Bulgars, was Nimruz, and the most powerful Berdzhul king was Azarkan...
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When the Flood occurred in Samara, a struggle for power broke out among the Khin Imens. Frustrated by civil strife, their king ... with his retinue went to the west and conquered the Turks. Here, the Imen men… married Turkic women and therefore their children began to speak the Turkic language… This is how the people of the Khons arose, who, despite the adoption of the Turkic dialect, kept the Imen traditions pure, even such as the custom of men to braid their hair into braids. . Needless to say, therefore, that the Khons, of course, retained the main and indomitable Imen desire to create great powers and to dominate the whole world. Some are inclined to condemn them for this, but they themselves said that they were driven by the will of the Almighty himself and that they were powerless to oppose it... The Khons enslaved the Turks who recklessly resisted them... and sent them into battle ahead of themselves... But the Modjars, who voluntarily recognized their power and willingly put their hair in braids, the Khons gave the rights of freemen and 4 thousand years ago they sent them on a raid to the west. Since the Khons promised to give them most of the land they conquered, the Modjars showed zeal and occupied the region of Seber. The Ars who lived here fled in horror even further west, to the region of Ur. The Modjars followed them. The appearance of huge crowds of Ars distraught with fear and self-confident Modjars, whom everyone mistook for Imens or Khons, caused panic among the Murdas. Without much resistance, the Murdases began to retreat to the west in groups. The Karasaklans did not let them through their steppes, and the Murdas had to make their way through dense forests. From the first group of Murdas, who went to the west, came the Ulags, from the second - the Almanians, from the third - the Artans, from the fourth - the Ulchis, from the fifth - the Tirs ... The Tirs carried away with them part of the Karasaklans, who were isolated, led by Biy Asparchuk, in the region of "Aka Dzhir » on the Aka River and therefore called Akajirs. With the help of these Akadjir Saklans, the Tyrians conquered Little Rum and the island of Crash and mercilessly exterminated the Imenians there. After that, the Tyrians were nicknamed "Rumians". The word “Rum” or “Ryam” in Imen meant “Hill covered with bushes”, and since the land of the Imen people abounded with just such hills, they called it “Rum”. And the name of the island "Crash", which was three passages long, meant "Wrestling" - after all, once a year the Imen heroes gathered here and fought with each other. The winner could marry any of the princesses of the royal house or free his family from dependence ... Only a small part of the Imens and the Tormens who helped them managed to retreat to Atryach. The Tirians and the Akajirs followed them and defeated Atryach, though after a long siege. When the enemy had already broken into the city, the Tormenians left Atryach for Khorasan, and the Kimmerians went to Kara-Saklan. The Imens, who believed the promises of the enemy to save the lives and rights of the townspeople, remained and were killed ...

For their help, the Tirians… helped the Akajirs seize power over the entire Kara-Saklan. However, when the Chimerians appeared, the Saklans overthrew the power of the Akadjir dynasty and placed Targiz or Tarvil, the leader of the Kimmerians, at their head. But then the Rums again helped the Akajirs come to power, and they drove the Chimers out of their region of Tamya or Temen. The fleeing Chimerians entered the service of the Berdzhul king Azarkan and were called Azarkans. Then this name was changed into usergan... The descendant of Targiz At returned to Kara-Saklan and again overthrew the power of the Akajir dynasty, but the Rumian king Alamir-Sultap restored it again... At retreated to the east, to Ura, and in honor of him both the country and the river Ura was called Atil... In addition to military assistance, the Rumsians, who were afraid of losing their alliance with the Akajirs, cajoled them with money, expensive things and wine, and completely made them drunk...

The Berdzhul kings of Samar were also eventually overthrown by the kings of Persia, and the Bulgars began to serve them. The Persians settled one part of the Bulgars, headed by Moskha, in two places of the Kafsky region, which then moved to Gurja, the other - in Azerbaijan, and the third, the Azarkans - in Khorasan. This calmed the Turkmens who lived there, who did not trust the Persians. And in the Small Rum, the Tormen lived near Mount Balkantau; when they ended up in Khorasan, the local mountains were also named Balkantau - in memory of their homeland. And the name of the mountains was translated from Samara as "Mountains of Divine Power" ...

Then came Alamir-Sultan, whom the Persians called Iskander Zulkarnain, and killed the king of the Persians. After that, there was no one to protect, and the Bulgars of the Kafsky region came under the rule of Alamir-Sultan... Sardar Bulgars - a descendant of Mar Audan - married the daughter of Alamir-Sultan Boz-bi...

After the death of Alamir-Sultan during a campaign to the country of Ura or Atil, the Kaf Bulgars began to serve the Azerbaijani kings. This service, however, was not very long. Alamir-Sultan's campaign against Atil forced some of the Masguts who opposed him to go to Kara-Saklan and subdue this land. At first, without understanding, they left the lower power over the subjugated Karasaklans of the Akadzhir dynasty. But after the Akajirs tried to regain power over the Kara-Saklan with the help of the Rumians, the Masgut king Azak outlawed the Akajirs and invited the Bulgars to his service. Sardar Bulgars Yurgan, who was a descendant of Audan and Boz-bi, accepted the invitation and went to Saklan with a part of his Bulgars in the amount of five thousand "tirme". Azak gave the Bulgars the land between the Temen and the Bulgar Sea, for which Yurgan helped the Masguts to defeat the Akajirs. The biys of the Akadjirs were exterminated without exception, and the people were spared and became a kind of Bulgars. After that, Yurgan married a princess from the Targiz clan At, thanks to which the Targiz also became a Bulgar clan, and he himself was appointed Azak Ulugbek of Kara-Saklan ...

When the power in Kara-Saklan passed to the clan of the younger son of Azak, Alan, the position of the Bulgars changed. Alan removed the other brothers from power and began to embarrass the Bulgars in every possible way, who supported the eldest son of Azak, Asparuh. Therefore, when the first Khon leader Kama-Batyr came to Agidel, he formed the state of Bulyar. most of the Bulgars immediately recognized him as a cap and began to serve him. Since then Beser-bi was the leader of the Bulgars, the Khons began to call the Bulgars Besermen. Then the Turks and Uruses also began to call the Bulgars... The other part of the Bulgars, called Burdzhans, remained in Djurash, the third - in Temen, the fourth - on the Shire and the fifth - in Kara-Saklan...

When the new Khon king Bulyumar established the power of his dynasty in Bulyar and ordered Bulyar to be called Atil, the Bulyar Bulgars began to call themselves “Bulyar” as well, in memory of their long service to the Khon Kans. By the arrival of Bulumar, the Bulgars included such a number of Khon clans that the Bulgars adopted the Khon language...
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The Alan dynasty recklessly refused to recognize the power of Atil in the hope of Sadum help, and the annoyed Bulumar with most of the Khons, including the Bulgars and Modjars, moved to Shir and Kara-Saklan ...

Many Khonian Bulgars began to be hired in the lucrative service of the Persians during the years of turmoil, and they, at their request, settled them in the Bulgar regions of Kaftau. Very soon, there were so many Khon Bulgars that these areas began to be called “Khondzhaks” (“Khon districts”)… Sheikh Gali himself describes these events somewhat differently…”

“... The lower reaches of the Aka River were often called by us “Sain-Idel” ... The river Kul-Asma or Gul-Aema flowed into Sain-Idel from the left side ...”

“... Ours used to use the word 'Ugyr' to call beks or governors of rulers, the word 'tujui' means an ambassador or an official on special assignments... The word 'tujun' was formed from the word 'tat' or 'tuj'. meaning "stranger", "foreigner"... The name "Tatars" was formed from the same word, by which the Khons called their enemies... There was another Khon word "tarun", which meant an official - a counter or a scribe... And all these words were Imen ones..."

“... The first of the Bulgars who began to treat without the use of drugs was Midan, nicknamed Barys. At first he lived in Samara, and then moved to Azerbaijan. Thanks to this, he could take on various images of the item, achieve the desired state and increase his influence on the patient in order to heal him. So, he turned into a giant alyp, then into a leopard, hence his nickname... He supplemented such treatment with physical and spiritual exercises and special nutrition... His students were called "midanchi"... Mullah Bakir was hostile to this art and convinced Almysh to ban it and move on to the usual methods of treatment for the Muslims of Garabstan. But the Midanchis, also called “Avarchis” by the people, continued to secretly practice…”

“... Our pharmacists and healers used a special vessel for making healing drinks, which had a lid ... and was placed on a stand. Ours called this vessel in Burdzhan "sam-abar", which meant "a vessel for preparing potions ..."

“... Since the dombras were played when honey and sweet dishes were served, the multi-stringed dombra received the Burdzhan name “gesele” (“guselle”), and the simple one received the Sabanian “points”, that is, “sweet” and “honey” ... Menla Abdallah writes that these types of Bulgar dombras were to the taste of the Ulchis and they accepted them along with their names…”

“... Some argue that the Bulgar State - Ak Bulgar Yorty - was formed by the father of Kurbat Alburi in 605, others - Bu-Yurgan or Kurbat in 618, others - Kurbat in 619. I read in the “History of Shams” that Ulug Bulgar Yorty was formed by Alburi in 603 and I consider this information to be the most correct…”

“... They say that all these forty girls were in love with one glorious Bulgarian bakhadir named Alyp-Guza. He lived in Mardan - - in the city that still bears his name. Girls, in order to see their beloved, often climbed a high mountain, until, finally, they built a city on it. They began to call him “Kyz-lar Tauy” ... When the girls decided to go to the batyr so that he would choose one of them as his wife, the Turkmens of Taz-Bughi Khan attacked the country. Alyp-Guza went out to meet the enemies and began to fight with them. First, he grabbed the brother of Taz-Boogie, nicknamed Duya, and hit him on the ground so that he expired. The city of Duya Suba was later built on this site. When the turn of Taz-Bughi came, he offered the bakhadir a shootout across the Idel. The insidious khan saw that Mount Dzhegula cracked in one place, and stood in front of it. Unsuspecting Alyp-Guza stood on this mountain and immediately collapsed together with part of it into the river ... Satisfied with the death of Alyp-Guza, Taz-Buga drove off to a place opposite Duya Suba and decided to cross the Idel here. But the girls, who saw the death of their beloved, began to shoot at him directly from their city and killed all the enemies. On the site of the death of Taz-Buga himself, then the city of Taz-Buga was also built ... "

“... And the Burdjans first called the city of Bolgar Marduan or Mardukan, as they believed that it was founded for the first time by Mar himself before leaving for the country of Samar ...”

“... Some believe that Kap was handed over by Talib to Barys in 964. However, this is not true. Sheikh Hadji Omar involuntarily wrote it in his "History of Abu Ishaq" from the words of his beloved Cap Ibrahim, who wanted to whitewash himself. In fact, as evidenced by the documents of the royal divankhane, Talib handed over to Barys only part of the Djir and Kortjak, and temporarily closed his eyes to the capture of Kan by the infidels. But as soon as Barys suffered what was ordered from above, Talib immediately returned Kai Derzhava ... Ibrahim, when he started a rebellion against Timar, promised to transfer Kan Bulymer in exchange for his support, however, as you know, in the end he went to conspiracy with Timar... After Ibrahim seized the throne in 1006, Kan-Kerman captured Masgut and stayed here for several years. Only in 1010 did Ibrahim manage to persuade Bulymer to capture Masgut in exchange for handing over Kan to the Uruses. Bulymer captured Masgut together with Kap, but out of joy he forgot to secure this success with a treaty. Therefore, other kings of our State, who ruled after Ibrahim, did not recognize the legal inclusion of Kan in the Urus state ... "
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“... Arslan's workers were also engaged in making idols for the Cumans, Sebers and Ars. For the Cumans, the idols were made of stone, and for the Sebers and Ars, because of the difficulties of transportation, they were made of wood…”

“... The captive Uruses had to serve the masters who ransomed them for six years, after which they became free and most often remained to serve their masters and did not think about returning. When they accepted Islam, they were released immediately...

The Kurmysh had the right to be freed from their tribute to the service bakhadirs or Kazanchis on any day, but in this case they lost their land ... "

“... In 1242, Gazi-Baradj accepted the offer of the great Khan of the Tatars to take the place of his governor in Kypchak Yorty. He left the throne of Bulgar Emir to his son Khisam and assumed a new position under the name of Sain. First of all, he built the city of Sarai, which he named after Jochi. Since Batu was subordinate to him, Gazi-Baradj was sometimes called Khan Sain. However, he got along well with Batu and never humiliated him, why after the death of Gazi-Baradj Batu took his nickname Sain in memory of him ... "

“... In 1262, the Tatars took Balyn and Galidzh from the State, and then, on the orders of Berkay, they tried to take Iber-Bolgar by storm and were repulsed ... And this city stood on the way from the Baigul River to Menkhaz, at the head of the Iber River, and was considered impregnable... Alai of this fortress killed every stranger who approached it, as especially valuable furs were collected here to be sent to the capital... The Iberians, or, as they were also called, the Urts, inhabited the north of the provinces of Biysu, Ura. and Baigul… They were devoted to the State and therefore called themselves “Iber”, which in their language meant “Bulgar”…

The Tatars took the Iber-Bolgar only because they set fire to the forest adjacent to the fortress ... A terrible drought helped the fire spread quickly. The defenders, regretting their oversight, left the city ... They settled in the Echke-Nazym balik, which since then has also been called Iber-Nazym. It was the easternmost fortress of the State until 1406. That year, Khan Takhtamysh fled here from Tyumen, but on the way he was overtaken by the Tatars of Idegei and villainously killed. Invigorated by this, the Kipchaks went further and took Iber-Nazym with a terrible massacre. After that, Idegei ordered to hand over the bones of Takhtamysh gnawed by dogs to Emir Bi-Omar with the words: “This is the last tribute of Iber-Nazim to Bulgar…” “Information about the cities, menzels and roads of the Bulgar State, useful for those who travel along them… …

In 1171, the father of seid Gali, Mullah Mirkhuja, turned to King Gabdulla with a request to build a city on the site of his headquarters. Kan, who loved such requests, was not slow to respond, and in the following year this city was built. Since the builders of the fortress were the Korym-Chally chirmyshs, the city was named Yar Chally... At the beginning, the city consisted of several houses surrounded by a moat, a rampart and a palisade, and the old village of Shud, which had a mosque "Ayu Kapka". It was called so because one day a bear came out to her from the nearest Shudsky forest and scratched her gates. On the eve of the mullah postponed the consecration of the mosque due to his indisposition. However, having learned about what had happened, he overcame the illness and consecrated the mosque... According to the 1465 census, 1730 people lived in the city, of which about 500 made up the Alai fortress... Near the city there was a magnificent meadow where the famous Yarchaly Sabantuy were held and where Emir Lachyn won more than one of his victory... And forty miles to the west of the fortress there was a field, which was called "Manukov", as this Kyrgyz khan was killed here...

Ufa was built in 1185 by Tarkhan Masgut... in memory of the victorious campaign of his brother Tatra against the Urussian fortress of Ufa... They immediately started building roads to it from Dzhaik, Bulyar and Yar Chall and menzels and fortresses on them. Already in 1186 they built the Menzel station on the Min River, the Alabuga balik near the Alabuga tower ...

The aul of Sennoi was presented by the seid to bek Quraish... and received his name. The son of Quraish Ahmed gave this aul to seid Gabdel-Mumin...

In addition to trade and embassy roads, there were also military roads in the State. In the fortresses located on them, there were supplies of everything necessary for the passing troops ... It was impossible to approach them, since their soldiers mercilessly killed everyone who did not have royal permission to travel ... "

“... Not being able to call themselves kings through the word “kap”, the Ashrafids began to use the word “anar” instead of it, which also meant “king” ...”

“... That part of the Kazan il, in which the Kazan ulugbek himself could manage the distribution of allotments, was called “Khan's land” or “part”, and the service people who received these allotments in the Khan's part for the duration of their service were called “khan's people” ... "
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“... Dzhan-Gali was hired into the service of Mamet-seid due to his inexperience and naivety ...

Mamet-seid offended the Kazanchis by deciding not to collect tribute from Moscow in return for her help to him - after all, a significant part of the tribute fell into the hands of the ulans. Then the enraged Kazanchis forced him to submit to seid Yadkar, who promised them not to touch their destinies and to continue collecting tribute from the Djir. Kul-Ashraf forgave Mamet-seid and even left him in Echke-Kazan, but Dzhan-Gali ordered him to be hanged because he refused to break with Mamet-seid and submit to him. As you can see, excessive devotion and honesty can sometimes bring misfortune ... "

“... When Syuyunbika made a request to Bu-Yurgan about the conditions of her passage through Persia to perform the Hajj, Mohammedyar took advantage of this and in a response message asked her to obtain permission for his return to Bulgar. Bu-Yurgan expressed his request in verses, which he began to write in Persia, and at the same time he did not forget to sing the beauty and intelligence of Biki. Syuyunbika liked the poems so much that she persuaded her husband to intercede for Mohammedyar before the seid... Kap Kul-Ashraf, although he was surprised at Safa's request, did not refuse his favorite and gave the requested permission...

When Bu-Yurgan returned, he had nothing but a huge number of books he had bought in Persia, and Syuyunbika, in order to help him, arranged for him to be a katib of the khan's archive. Thanks to this, Mohammedyar received the village of Bu-Yurgan in the Khan's part of the Kazan il, near his beloved Bolgar, where he often had to go as a sardar of the El-Khum brotherhood ...

Love for Syuyunbike gave Bu-Yurgan both joy and grief: after all, before being sent to Persia, in anger, he took a vow of celibacy so as not to have children doomed to humiliation ... "

“... Moscow refused to pay tribute to the Bulgar State and moved its army to our borders. To this, Kul-Ashraf said: “If so, then we will take our lawful tribute by force,” and ordered Safa-Garay to throw back the army of the Uruses and take booty in the amount of “djir tribute” in the lands lost by Bulgar ... "

“... Syuyunbika, wanting to further improve the affairs of Mohammedyar, bought his Persian library from him and then presented it to him under the guise of a gift for dedicating one of her poems to Safa to them. Bu-Yurgan, however, also donated his collection, which has already begun to be called the “library of Syuyumbiki”, to the Kul-Ashrafiya madrasah ... It all burned down, set on fire by the infidels during their capture of Kazan. Together with her, the enemies burned other book collections of the madrasah, in particular, books brought by Mir-Gali from Khorezm ... The Mishar Bulgars of Shah-Gali, who entered the city after the defeat of Alash, were dumbfounded and sobbed at the sight of a terrible picture of the destruction of thousands of precious books. The most desperate of them approached the fire with their bare hands, burning themselves and screaming with grief and pain, snatched several sacred manuscripts from the flame ... I saw one of the saved manuscripts myself. It contained the biographies of the great Khorezmian scientists who came to Bulgar: ... Al-Khwarizmi, Abu Gali Sipa, Al-Biruni ...

Alasha, wanting to cheer up Shah-Gali, allowed him to take out tombstones from Yugara Kerman, with the exception of the tombstones of Mohammed-Amin and Safa, and to bury the most notable of the fallen Muslims outside the city ... The Mishar Bulgars did not allow the body of seid Kul-Ashraf to be taken out with the help of horses, harnessed to a cart. They took the cart with the body of Yadkar in their arms and carried it to the burial place…”

“... Some malicious people, allegedly on behalf of the noble Rum sultan, suggested that Safa declare his il “Kazan state” under the auspices of the Rum Empire, and himself a servant of the Rum sultan, for which they promised him the Crimean throne. Safa, believing them, revolted against the seid, but did not receive what was promised... When Yadkar's people poisoned Safa, the sei/i said this about his death: "He signed his own death warrant"... Bibarys, who was Safa's assistant in all his affairs, passionately dreamed of the position of Ulugbek of the Kazan Il and went to great lengths to achieve his goal ... At first, by threatening to leave Kazan to its fate in the event of a new attack by the Uruses, he obtained from Kul-Ashraf the withdrawal of Kuchak and permission to appoint his man, Ulana Khudaikul, as Ulugbek, and then surrendered Kazan to Mamet-seid, as soon as he promised him the post of Ulugbek ... After the death of Bibarys, Khudaikul headed the Alats, but his attempt to surrender the city to the Uruses after the departure of Shah-Gali failed ... as soon as his army appeared at the city ... "

“...Shah-Gali was considered one of the best Bulgarian commanders. Those who attribute his departure from Kazan to the category of defeats of the khan are deeply mistaken. Ulugbek left only because he wanted to shed the blood of Muslims in vain and stir up senseless civil strife... Kul-Ashraf himself once remarked that he and his father had no more devoted servant than Shah-Gali... The Uruses did not trust him, because they feared that he would go over to the side of the Bulgars with all his army…”
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“... When the forces of the State were exhausted, Seid Khusaip accepted the offer of the Kazan boyar Dzhui-bashi to conclude peace ... Yapancha appeared in Kazan and on behalf of the Seid made this peace, but to which both sides exchanged ordinary prisoners, and the fate of the rest was eased. Since Alasha refused to let Mamysh-Birde and Mohammed-Bakhadir go, the Urussian boyars captured by ours remained in captivity ... Juy-bashi was so pleased with the conclusion of peace with the State, which Alasha demanded of him, that he gave Yapancha his armor. Bek gave the boyar his saber and helmet…”

“... The Sultan of Rum, preoccupied more with the capture of insignificant Modzhar baliks than with a real fight against the onslaught of infidels, left Kazan to the mercy of fate. When the Crimeans decided to divert Alashi's attention from Kazan and attacked one of its cities, the Sultan, unfortunately, refused to give them his excellent foot soldiers. By this, he doomed the Crimean cavalry to a miserable death - after all, she did not know how to take cities ...

The Nugaiskis biys harmed the State even more, but, as it turned out, they also ruined themselves. In the beginning, in 1551, 60 thousand Nugai invaded the Bulgar il Bashkort and thus bound the main forces of the State until 1552. Only after the departure of Shah-Gali from Kazan, the seid’s troops defeated the Nugays near Ufa, and Cap Kul-Ashraf was able to transfer part of the Yarchaly and Korym-Chally Cossacks and Kazan to defend the city ... The Nugai biys, having sold to the Uruses for a dog how many boxes of nails and trinkets, lost the better half of their warriors and the bread that the Bulgar State fed them ... When, after the defeat of Kazan by Alasha, hunger and pestilence broke out in the land of the Nugai, by the will of the Almighty, their biys asked for “bread from the Uruses and were refused. Satiated with Bulgarian bread, the Urussian detachments scoured the steppes and everywhere with malicious joy finished off the weakened, half-dead from hunger Nugais ...

There was such a Urussian commander Yozon, under whose command a hundred Cossacks consisted. So, in Kazan, he boasted that he had traveled ten times with his hundred to the Nugai steppes and that each of his soldiers had killed at least 100 Nugai warriors, not counting the elderly, women and children. At the same time, none of the Urussian Cossacks was even wounded. Only once some Nugai biy bit the leg of a Cossack who stepped on him... Then a lot of Nugai hunted by killing their fellow tribesmen, because the Uruses gave some bread and fodder for the heads of the Nugai...”

“... During the Artan war, Shah-Gali showed heroism and occupied half of Artan. After that, negotiations began, and his Bulgar army was taken to Moscow. From there, he went to rest in his Khan-Kermai ... Syuyumbika then asked him to check the condition of the Gully mosque, in which the tomb of Safa-Garay was located, and, if necessary, correct the tomb. Khan sent master Mir-Gali Kultari, son of Mir-Ahmed, grandson of Mos-khi, to Kazan… And Mullah Moskha Bit Baltinsky was his descendant… When Mir-Gali arrived in Kazan, he was not allowed to enter the fortress. However, at the same time, the son of Kul-Ashraf, seid Khusain, was in the city, negotiating with the boyars about the return of part of Kazan to him under the name of New Seidov Dvor. Alasha promised him this because he allowed the Kazan Cossacks and uhlans to participate in the war against the infidels in Artan. The governors allowed him to fix some of the buildings of the suburban Seyid's Court ... Having learned about the arrival of Mir-Gali, the seid immediately appointed him the head of the work ... In 1531, Kul-Ashraf allowed to dismantle the minarets of the Gabdel-Mumin mosque - "Ashla Tyumen" and "Ulug Manara" ... Minaret " Tyumen" was built near Ashla-Arbats and therefore received its name "Ashla" ... When the Uruses broke into Kazan in 1530, several bakhadirs remained on this minaret to cover the departure of Mohammed-Bakhadir and, as a sign of their determination, chained themselves to the tower with chains ... The infidels were able to approach Pashna only after the last bakhadir was wounded and could no longer shoot. But when he heard the steps of the enemies climbing the minaret, he blew himself up together with its top... The second one - "Ulug Manara" - was built by Shamgun-Sain in the 13th year of Kazan foundation. The bottom of this minaret with large and beautiful doors was stone, and the top was wooden. Since he surpassed all other towers in height, he was also called "Shah p and Kala" ...

However, in 1565, when seid-emir Khusain fell seriously ill, the governors forbade construction in the New Seyid Dvor and wanted to blow up one high tower in Yugary Kerman. To do this, they hollowed out a hole 13 in its wall. But the master warned that it was fastened with iron hoops for strength, and if it was blown up, it would fall to its full length and crush the nearby church. This frightened the boyars and they left the tower alone, they only made a dome over it in order to give it the appearance of a church bell tower ... Mir-Gali was seized and tortured, but then nevertheless released ... They say that the master was saved by interference in the Shah-Gali case ... After the death of this good khan, many of his djuras ended up in Bist, since Alasha was afraid of their influence in Khan-Kerman ... There were rumors that not only Syuyumbika, but Shah-Gali himself was poisoned by order of Alasha ... "

“... They say that when Utyash went to Artan, on the way through Bashta he was guarded by the Anchi detachment of Bakdan-Bata. Having learned from the bek that in Simbir, between the mountains of Dzhegulytau and Dzhilantau, 10 thousand Anchi and Saz-Idel Cossacks were safely serving the Ashrafids, Bakdan-Bat sent his son Adam with Utyash there with 50 Cossacks. Seid gave Adam permission to settle on Jilantau. And our local Cossacks served as border guards, caravans and Balyn fishermen and, in addition, were engaged in the construction of ships, fishing, salt production and the import of salt from the Astarkhan Horde and trade in these goods. Some of them had quite a few salt pans, taverns and ships... More... Yabyk-Mohammed confirmed their ancient right to redeem any Christian prisoners taken in the war...
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In 1521, on the orders of the seid, Adam led Ulugbek Shah-Gali out of Kazan... The son of Adam, nicknamed Pan, was Mikail... In 1552, he led Yadkar-Mohammed, who had been appointed Ulugbek of Kazan Il by seid Yadkar, to Agidel, and then the Yarchally people led the khan... And in 1547, the Saz-Idel Cossack Takmak with his son Yermak nailed to Adam. In 1552, Takmak was killed along with the seid Bu-Yurgan, and Mikail captured their killers ... Mikail's brothers died in the war with the Nogais. To annoy the enemies, he helped the Uruses take Astarkhan. But when Alasha after that again demanded service from him, Mikail refused. In response, the Uruses attacked his auls and killed 5,000 Bulgar Cossacks, sparing neither the elderly, nor women, nor children. In this war, the families of Mikail and Yermak died, and they themselves took refuge with a friend of Mikail on the Kubar River. From here, Yermak, five years later, went to the Urussian service, seduced by a reward, and Mikail and his friend Bakdan returned to Idel. They rendered many services to the seid Sheikh-Gali, for which Alasha sentenced them both to death... In 1582, Yermak was sent to the Tamlug crossing... to capture the seid Sheikh-Gali. They say that on the way he learned from the prisoners that the seid was crossing a little higher under the protection of the Cossacks of Mikail and slowed down. The Urus governor ordered to seize Yermak for this, but he fled to Mikail, and then, together with him and his Cossacks, to As-Torgan in Kargadan ... When they approached the city of Takhchi, Mikail refused to engage in battle with the Bulgars of Bek Yapanchi than offended Yermak. At his suggestion, most of the Cossacks deprived Mikail of the atamanship, but then he was ashamed of his act and persuaded the Cossacks to return him to Pan ... "

“... After the capture of the Seber state by the Uruses, the tsar of Moscow evicted a significant part of the Mishar Bulgars from Khan-Kerman to Kazan and settled Sebers instead of them ... And the Sebers expressed their friendly feelings towards us in every possible way and said that they themselves were Bulgars, but then fell under the rule of the Kypchak khans... At the same time, they did not stop helping the Bulgar State and forced all their Kyichak khans to enter into an alliance with the Bulgar.
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When in 1574 the Uruses drove Sheikh-Gali out of Ufa and captured Takhchi-Kala, the Sebers quickly returned this city to Sheikh-Gali and helped him take Ufa again ... Sheikh-Gali handed over Takhchi-Kala to Yapancha. This bek fought desperately with Yermak and did not let him into Seber for a long time ... He died after he was forced to retreat from the city. They say that when his Bulgar bakhadirs ran out of gunpowder, he ordered them to throw their cannons right on the heads of the Uruses...

Then some Khan-Kerman Sebers also ended up in Kazan. In many of them, I saw books on the history of the Bulgar, where, however, not everything was described correctly. They explained this by the fact that they were too far from the Bulgar... Thus, the city of Bolgar was called Batu-Kerman by the Sebers, since they simply believed the vile tales about the residence of this unfaithful khan in the sacred Ulug-Bolgar... And the Sebers called Kazan "Ala-Tura"...

The Sebers are the most trusting and good-natured of the Bulgars. Due to the harsh climate of Seber, they are deprived of much, but poverty did not make them evil ... "

“... The lands that were in the personal possession of the Ashrafids and the brotherhood, Alasha transferred to the churches ...”

“... Some of the books that Seid Sheikh-Gali took with him to Kyrgyzstan were later sent to Azak ...”

“... Then Akai fought, who was also called Sultan Guza and Khuja ... He was a descendant of Mohammed-Bakhadir and ... in 1708 he almost took Kazan ... The Uruses failed to catch him ... "
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