Ghazi Baraj Tarihi. Chapter 17
Hand the throne was raised by Azgar, but soon he mysteriously died hunting near Nur-Suvar. Ahad became Kan, who immediately approved the conspiracy of the Kazanchis and the Martyubin and Kashan subashes, and thereby calmed the country. After that, he helped Asan to gain a foothold in the Shire. Kursybay willingly took part in this campaign against the local Turks. Asan, with the help of the kan, fought against Rus' for several years, but was defeated and inclined by Russia to leave the Bulgarian service.
In 1076, another trouble befell the Kan - the son of Baluk, Emir Adam, escaped from custody. Tarkhan Khina Dugar sheltered the prince, married his daughter and, in exchange for the emir's promise to give him greater independence, agreed to help win the throne. Ahad recklessly declared the city of Ibrahim the capital, so Adam took Bulyar without any resistance and proclaimed himself a Kan. Bulyar again became the capital. Ahad, who recognized the new Kan, retained Ibrahim...
The reason for the overthrow of Ahad was the refusal of Rus' to pay tribute to the Jir after the defeat of Asan, with which the Kan reconciled. Adam set the goal of restoring the tribute and the routes to Artan and Bashta.
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Two years later, Emir Ahad, on his orders, made a trip to the Moskhu River and defeated and killed the Galidjian bek Khalib. The Emir brought with him a large tribute, which he had collected in Djuk, Moskhe and in Djira, as well as many Djir Bii Suis who wished to return to the State. These Bisuis were settled in Chulman and included in the category of Kara-Chirmysh.
The popularity of Ahad, named after this victory of Mosch, increased, and this frightened Adam. Blaming the emir for the death of Azgar, he, together with Dugar, moved to Bolgar. Ahad preferred to flee to the Kan, where Myshdauly's grandson, also Myshdauly, was sitting. Bek Bashtu Syb-Bulat, who resumed the payment of the Djir tribute and opened the way after Ahad's campaign, wanted to help the emir now regain the throne in exchange for a promise to give up the "usury". But Emir Balus with his Mardanians, following the order of the Kan, outstripped the Bek. First, he defeated the son of Asan from the daughter of Baluk Sharafkhan, who captured Khin from Dugar, and occupied this city. And then, reinforced by a kursybay, he crossed the Sain-Idel River at night and at dawn unexpectedly attacked the camp of Syb-Bulat near the Kan. The head of the Urus army, Amet, barely managed to escape with Ahad, and the panic-stricken army rushed to Kan. On the shoulders of the fleeing Balus broke into the city and took it. He wanted to spare Myshdauly, but when he himself dutifully came out to him with the words "Allah Akbar", one Mukhshan shot him in the back and killed him on the spot. This Mukhshan was immediately cut into pieces and stuck into the stakes of the fence.
Furious at the fact that the bek could not be saved, the emir ordered all the captured Kan biys to be converted to Islam. The circumcision was carried out right there, on the market square...
It was senseless to attach Kan to the State in view of the love of freedom and the large number of its population, and Balus, having roughly punished the participants in the resistance and taking their wives and children as hostages and captives, returned to Bandja.
The circumcised biys, unable to withstand the ridicule of their fellow tribesmen, left Kan and founded the new city of Kisan upstream of it along the Sain ... Kisan soon strengthened and subjugated Kan ...
The frightened Syb-Bulat passed off his actions as an attempt to "help" Adam punish the Kanians and deprived Amet of his village of Amet on Kara-Idel, on the way from Djir to Galidj. The demoted Amet was given a place in the wild area, the owner of which was appointed Ahad Moskhu, who had transferred to the Batysh service. Businesslike Ahad immediately chose a place for his residence and built a fortress here. She began to be called in honor of him "Moskha" ... Here his son matured - Emir Selim, nicknamed Kolyn. Kisans did
him with his back. Adam did not like all this, and he was only waiting for an opportunity to eradicate Ahad's nest in Rus'...
Adam was a real Kan who did not tolerate any contradiction to himself. Only seid Yakub, the son of Nugman, lived well with him, who knew the approaches to him.
Taking advantage of the fact that Adam's horse, during his trip to Bolgar, fell into some cave, which, as it turned out, served as a school, the seid drew the Kan's attention to the deplorable state of enlightenment in the State. I myself heard from my father that at that time many lost their conscience, and, for example, the inhabitants of Tukhchi turned the main city mosque into a hayloft, which is why it was called “Kiben”. The story of the seid made even the cold-blooded Adam shudder and forced him to direct a significant part of his funds to correct the matter. With this money, Yakub built five hundred new mosques and the main mosque of the capital. It had two minarets, and therefore the people gave it the name of the two-headed Elbegen - Baraja. Under her rule, in 1080, the seid established the Mohammed-Bakiriya "house of sciences" (university), in which they began to teach not only ilahiyat and the basics of Arabic and Persian knowledge, but also geography, ethics, higher score / linguistics, history. Yakub personally rewrote and completed the "History of the Bulgar", which was called "Kazy kitabs". My father knew it by heart and repeatedly retold it to me. She burned down in Uchel together with her father's entire library when the city's fortress was (/ burned down at the request of Bek Kanturyay.
All his life, my father regretted the loss of his library, which was considered one of the largest in the State. It kept the books of I/ Bakir, the dastans of Mikayil and Gabdulla and many others...
In 1095, the wedding of the son of Adam from the daughter of Dugar - Shamgun and the daughter of Khan Ayubai took place. Ayubai was dissatisfied with Dugar, who proclaimed himself the Kan of all the Kara-Saklan Turks and Cumans, and therefore did not want to come, and Dugar-Kan happily set off on the road with an army of 5,000 desperate grunts. And I must say that there were no people in the world who loved the slash more than the Kypchaks. At the same time, the Khan of the Kara-Oimeks Sham or Sam attacked Bulyar. Kan, who did not have a gift for military leadership, was embarrassed when 100,000 Oimeks appeared in front of the walls of the capital. Bulyar did not have a third wall at that time, and he could put up only 5,000 militiamen. The situation was saved by Shamgun, who was the Ulugbek of Bolgar. At dawn, on Friday, he approached the capital with the Bulgarian Kazanchis and attacked the Oimeks camp on the move. Many Kypchgs fled in panic, but Khan Sham managed to stop them and lead them into battle. The Kazanchis had a very difficult time, because, although they were much superior to the Kypchaks in terms of weapons and martial arts, there were too many nomads. Then Dugar-kan drove up and began to interfere with the Oimeks with attacks from the rear. When Sham was forced to turn part of his troops against the Cumans, a crushing blow followed from a third party - this time the kursybay and the Tamtai. Most of the Oimeks fled, but Sham remained in place at the head of 20 thousand of the best warriors, who surrounded themselves with carts. It was not possible for the kursybai, who had the same medium armament, to take him, and only the iron kazanchis, with the help of infantry militias who had left Bulyar, managed to cut through the wagons and the crowd of staunch Kipchaks and mortally wound the khan. “You boy, how dare you defeat me, the great warrior?” - shouted the dying Sham, choking in blood, to the approaching Shamgun. As usual, Shamgun took the name of the famous enemy he defeated. Runners were killed before Jaik ...
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And the Oimeks brought with them several tribes with wives, children and belongings, saying that they would give them the conquered lands. The men were killed by the hardened warriors, and their wives, children and property became the prey of the Bulgars and Cumans. Especially many women and children were taken by the Tamtai, which is why the language of the Bulgars of this region has changed a little. And even in the customs and appearance, the Oimek features of their Kypchak wives and adopted children appeared.
Then they took a lot of goods, because during the flight the Oimeks left at least 30 thousand wagons and yurts with carpets, clothes, dishes and weapons from the capital to Dzhaik. Among other things, amazingly beautiful vessels for the preparation of miraculous and fragrant tinctures were captured in the khan's cart. Kan took these vessels, and called them "sam-abar"...
A luxurious wedding was played, after which Dugar went on a campaign against Bashta and was killed there due to the betrayal of his Cumans, who planned to go over to the side of Ayubai, the son of Asan.
In the winter of the following 1096, Adam had a chance to survive the clan of Akhad from Rus': there began a war between Alikay, bek of Karadjar, and other Urussian beks.
Enlisting the support of the Kan, he took Kisan and moved on. Kolyn fled to Moskhu, and the troops of Alikai and Shamgun converged near Kan. Bek Kana Kinzyaslap, the son of Bek Bashtu Bulymer, nicknamed Altyn-Kalgan, tried to call on his people to fight back, but they, having barely seen the “turbans”, that is, the images of Baraj on the banners of the kursybay, preferred to open the gate. Kinzyaslap left the palace with a sword, but, hearing the laughter of the Kazanchis chained in iron, surrendered to Shamgun. The emir betrayed Bek Alikay on the condition that he would spare the life of the captive, blinded in his youth from an illness. But he ordered his people to immediately execute him. Unfortunate, possessing a heroic
by force, escaped from the hands of the executioners and rushed to Sain-Idel, but, not seeing anything, swam to the same shore, was again captured and mercilessly stabbed to death ... This greatly jarred Shamgun ...
Then they approached Balyn, who was defended by Emir Kolyn. The son of Ahad, who fell into a trap, preferred to surrender to Shamgun, who, after the capture of Kan-Sain, was also called Sham-Sain. After that, a dispute arose over who should own the city. Since no one yielded, the emir ordered his people to set him on fire. Balyn burned down to the cries of Bonyak, who was counting on booty. The frustrated khan, hired by Alikai, left the allies and went to his headquarters near Audan Aktash.
Then Jir surrendered to Shamgun, to whom he promised mercy. However, contrary to the demands of the emir, Alikay, like the last barge hauler, broke into the city and robbed it to the skin. This overflowed the cup of Shamgun's patience, and he, under the unbearable cries of the tortured townspeople, left the bek.
He went to Galidzh to burn him out in revenge for the robbery of the Galidjians in Biysu, but at Amet he met with the son of Altyn-Kalgan Myshdauly and made peace with him. Having received a promise to strictly pay the Djir tribute to the State and to ban the Galidjian robberies, Shamgun moved along with the Bek to the Djir to stop the robbery of Alikai. The people of Karadjar, barely seeing the royal banner, the turban, fled to the steppe in a panic...
Through the Chirmysh balik of the Mishar Bulgars Junne-Kala on the Tukrantau at the mouth of the Sain, erected on the order of Kan Ibrahim by one of the descendants of Barys, the emir returned to the Bulgar with huge booty. After that, the Kan began to strengthen the eastern border of the State, which the Kara-Oimeks continued to disturb. Eight ramparts with ditches, watchtowers and notches were built between the Bulyar and the Baraj-Chishma River. They were populated by the Bai-Tubes and the devastated Tamtai, who were transferred to the category of Ak-Chirmysh and exempted from taxes in order to carry out guard and repair services. Fortifications began to be built in the south of the Suvar province, because the positions of the Power began to be threatened by the Kumans of Ayubai, who had concluded an alliance with Russia against Bonyak and Sharafkhan. The poles of the banners of his horde ended with a crescent, which especially infuriated the Kan, for the crescent and the ax were the sign of the royal family of the Bulgars.
Rus', encouraged by the union, stopped paying the “rostovshchina”, closed the roads, and the Kisanian Bek even dared to break into Martyuba and rob the Mishar Ars ...
Adam was beside himself and sent Shamgun to fix things. The emir with a kursybay invaded Kisan in winter and defeated the local army with the active support of the affected Ars. When he came again the next year, the Kisanian Bek asked for peace and paid a huge tribute for it.
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The Emir knew that it would be inconvenient to act against Jir through Deber. Therefore, immediately after the invasion of the Kisans, he ordered to build a new city for this purpose on Arsu. In 1103, the city was built in the presence of the emir and called it Uchel ("Three Cities"), since it consisted of three parts. Two of them were located on Mount Bogyltau and were called Yugary Kerman and Kalgan, and the third was located under the mountain around Lake Akbikul and therefore was called Akbikul. Kalgan connected with Akbikul, but Kerman was separated from Yugara by the Sain moat and some section of the mountain, which was not built up with anything ...
Yugary Kerman was called so because it was located on the highest part of the mountain, abruptly breaking off to Ars. Some remoteness came from the fact that the Yugars of Kerman could not expand to the Oain moat due to great haste and financial difficulties that arose. This space began to be used as a place for placing caravans of Muslim merchants and a market square. Ares arriving for trade were located in Bish-Balta, whose honey was considered the most delicious in the State, and Uruses - behind the Bulak canal, which connected Kabanskoye Lake with Arsu.
The first governor of the city of Subash wasted here with his kursybay for several years, while the Three Years' War with Russia was going on. He collected tribute from the Undzha region, defeating several Balyn detachments, and next winter attacked Balyn with Shamgun. The siege was lifted only after Altyn-Kalgan agreed to resume the payment of Djir tribute...
Subash left Uchel with great pleasure, and Selim was appointed there, having achieved the announcement of Uchel as the capital of Martyuba. The people of Deber accepted this with great joy, as they hoped for a weakening of bureaucratic arbitrariness ...
Kolyn quickly realized the impossibility of collecting tribute from the Ars and the Serbs living among them on the Mountain side with the forces of only 30 djurs and 200 ak-chirmyshs. Therefore, he achieved the transfer to Ak-Chirmysh of two Seber tribes living among the Ars - Kukdzhaks and Batliks. And they were excellent warriors, like all Bashkorts: Esegs, Modjars, Sebers ...
However, Kolyn was Ulugbek here for a short time...
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At first, Ayubay broke through to the Suvar il along the outskirts of Mardan, and then proceeded to raids on the Bukhara road through Saksin. Khan Sharafkhan, expelled from the Shir by Ayubai, occupied Khin without permission. The paths to Saksin and Khorezm became unsafe, which was unbearable. Subash barely saved the day. Having lost a third of the kursybay, he was able to save the Khins from death and transfer the Turkmens to the Burtas Mardan district, and the Badjanaks to the Badjanak district. Part of Badjanak, occupied by Badjanaks, then separated at the request of the settlers to the Kinel district ...
Balus's inability to stop the Kuman robbery pissed the Kan off. He ordered Kolyn to take the post of Ulugbek Mardan, and Balus - the governor of Uchel. This was an unheard-of violation of the rights of Bellak, and the Mardans submitted only after Shamgun moved closer to this il with the troops of Kazanchis and Subash. Two years later, the cunning and resourceful Kolyn managed to lure Ayubai into a trap. He convinced the Kan of the need to arrange the marriage of the eldest son of Shamgun Arbat to the daughter of Bonyak, who obeyed Ayubai, and invite Ayubai to the wedding. “Ayubay will not be able not to arrive at the wedding of his grandson and the daughter of his main support, Bonyak, because this will be a terrible insult to the customs of the steppe,” Selim explained to the Kan. - Open one road to Bulyar through the urs (fortified border lines) - and close it behind the khan. He will be trapped, and you can do whatever you want with him in the capital ... "
Kan followed Kolyn's advice, marveling at his wisdom and cunning. Ayubai was let through the passages through the lines of ramparts, along with 11 thousand of his best warriors, so that he did not notice anything. Behind him, these passages in all eight ramparts were immediately tightly closed. In Bulya re, a thousand warriors of Ayubai settled in Khinub, which was then protected only by a rampart and did not have a large number of buildings. Another thousand were with the khan in another part of the city - Men Bulyar, where the wedding was held. Ayubay did not want to celebrate in the citadel - Martuan or Bulum Kerman, seeing it as a mousetrap. The wedding feasted in the best Manbulyar caravanserai "Dyau Shir" ("Great Shir") ... There was a huge market square in front of the caravanserai. The Cumans settled on it, and five hundred warriors went to the Dyau Shir with the khan. In the midst of the feast, when the guests were sufficiently tipsy, Shamgun's wife offered her father * a goblet with poison - sudzha. She did not know about this, and Ayubai, not having read anything alarming on her joyful face, calmly drank for the young people and after a few moments collapsed on the carpet.
Kolyn also advised giving poison, and when the Kan began to resist, he said: “If you don’t give the khan a drink of sudzha, then he will give you blood to drink.” When the khan fell, the Kan warriors immediately rushed at the guests with drawn swords and chirkes. Only Bonyak, numb at the sight of all this, was picked up under the armpits and taken to a safe place ... Shamgun's sister, who was married to one of Ayubai's sons, squeezed her husband in her arms and killed him like a mouse. Arbat with a huge club, one after another, nailed nine more sons of the khan.
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All Cumans in the caravanserai, Men Bulyar and Khinub were killed. At the same time, the Kazanchis attacked the rest, who were outside the city, in the village of Karak they had robbed. They, too, got pretty tipsy from the plentiful treat, but instead of the expected gifts, they suddenly saw death in front of them in the guise of bakhadirs. When the Kazanchis of Shamgun drove the Cumans, the kursybay entered the business. The Kypchaks rushed along the old road to the steppe, but ramparts, ditches and notches stood in their way, protected by the Tamtai and Baityubins, who had no pity for the robbers. There was a great massacre of the terrified Cumans. The inhabitants of the surrounding auls themselves jumped out of their houses and beat the Kypchaks with anything. Of the nine thousand fleeing, only a thousand - led by the eleventh son of Khan Manuk - escaped into the steppe. The people joked about this, that the ninth wave was not enough for the Cumans ...
Manuk went to the Oimeks and continued to attack the State with them through Tamta, sometimes crossing the Baraj-Chishma River. But in the west, the Ayubai tribe was no longer there, and the roads to Saksin, Bashta and Dima-Tarkhan became free. Kolyn finished the job, letting the rest of the restless Kipchaks pass the Djurash, into the Gurdji region of Khondzhak. The descendants of the Khons lived there, adopting the language and faith of the neighboring Gurdjian tribes. In memory of this battle, which received the name "Ayubai's Wedding", Adam ordered to crown the shafts of the battle Bulgar banners - along with Baraj and the crescent - also with the sign of Alamir - V ...
Kan thanked the Emir by appointing his son Khisam Anbal, who was married to a Saklan woman from Kaf and therefore received the nickname As, as Ulugbek Suvar. Aibal was immediately enmeshed in the Kazanchis, whose clans expanded and could no longer be satisfied with their estates. They were eager to get the Igenchis of other provinces to be devoured, and for this they wanted to appoint an emir obedient to them as a kan. Such was Aibal, for whom, during the hardships of his family, the main thing was the desire for a life of constant delight. He, like Kan Mohammed Mumin, hated state affairs and was ready to fulfill any whim of his favorites - Kazanchis.
When the Kazanchis told Kolyn about their desire to make his son Kan, the emir did not resist and decided to become the leader of the conspiracy in order to strengthen the position of his house. He agreed with the Mardanians that he would leave them. and will respect their rights provided they support the conspiracy Balus, who toiled in Uchel, which seemed to him a miserable aul after the huge Bunji, ardently joined the conspiracy in the hope of returning to Mardan.
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